advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

7 0 obj >> >> endobj 0000004437 00000 n They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. /Font << >> endobj /StructParents 29 >> >> >> /Properties << /Length 963 /Properties << /Rotate 0 /Parent 13 0 R 0000003223 00000 n /ExtGState << /Properties << << /TT2 226 0 R >> >> /Type /Pages /Font << /Resources << /Parent 17 0 R & Berliner David C. 1992. . >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 226 0 R >> One recent 2018 survey of primary school teachers found that more than 90% of primary school teachers think SATS impact negatively on their pupils well-being. /TT1 121 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /StructParents 62 /Rotate 0 /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? /Title /Contents 242 0 R /Font << /Resources << /Contents 158 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> /ExtGState << 76 0 obj /Font << /MC0 129 0 R 68 0 obj /Type /Page /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Inclusive education also benefits general education . /Resources << /Resources << >> /Properties << /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /StructParents 4 << >> /Font << >> /StructParents 52 >> Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. 117 0 obj /Properties << Societies benefit as well. Disadvantages of Inclusive Education. Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 301 0 R Because so many people do not have an education, when they get older, it is damaging their life and the world as a whole. /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page >> The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. /Properties << /TT2 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R 28 0 obj endobj /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 61 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /RBGroups [] /Resources << endobj >> 44 0 obj GCSEs and SATs were also introduced as part of the National Curriculum. /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R /Kids [92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R] >> /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT2 121 0 R >> 4 0 obj >> /ExtGState << Especially beneficial for kids from poor families. /Properties << /Contents 277 0 R Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. 0000005855 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /Parent 12 0 R /StructParents 57 >> << /GS0 125 0 R >> /StructParents 49 /TT0 120 0 R 40 0 obj This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Count 10 /Order [] /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << >> The Bill was back on track but women teachers had to wait until 29 December 1975, when the Equal Pay Act 1970 came into force, to be paid the same as their male equivalents. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. >> /Rotate 0 Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. /Parent 15 0 R >> Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Advantages & disadvantages of The education reform act 1988. Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. /TT2 121 0 R A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . endobj /TT0 120 0 R >> endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page endobj /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page >> >> endobj >> Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /Resources << Benefits of Education are Societal and Personal. /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Properties << Several interviewees described a situation in which the government is attempting to oversee thousands of academies, through a muddle of local authorities, school chains, regional commissioners and the Education Funding Agency, as the wild west. >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /MC0 129 0 R Children can go to school with their childhood friends. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R << /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 26 /F4 123 0 R Even so it has hardly proved an ill wind for publishers and, among others, for beleaguered academics anxious to improve their publication ratings in time for the next research review. /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /StructParents 2 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 226 0 R >> >> Poverty Reduction. experience they had of the education reform. /Properties << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Dest [110 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /TT0 120 0 R 102 0 obj /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Parent 9 0 R >> /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R >> << /TT1 226 0 R /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 >> The introduction of free market principles into more areas of social life traditionally paid for by taxation (such as education and the health services). Both brought with them changes that are . >> /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R >> >> >> >> Government healthcare refers to government funding of healthcare services via direct payments to doctors, hospitals, and other providers. /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /TT2 226 0 R /StructParents 66 endobj << /Type /Page >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 61 /Contents 262 0 R /Kids [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R] << >> /Parent 2 0 R >> /Kids [72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R] /StructParents 82 >> endobj /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /Limits [ ] >> /Contents 281 0 R the 1988 Education Reform Act. >> (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R 50 0 obj /Parent 16 0 R School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. /ExtGState << /Contents 225 0 R /StructParents 55 /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /TT2 159 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /ExtGState << /Parent 17 0 R /Font << An Act to amend the law relating to education. endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 >> /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Nums [0 21 0 R] /Parent 11 0 R /Type /Page /Font << /TT1 226 0 R >> >> /Parent 3 0 R /TT2 159 0 R /Contents 248 0 R /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Maclure, S. 1988. >> /TT2 226 0 R /StructParents 70 << /Type /Page /MarkInfo << Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. endobj /Rotate 0 /StructParents 47 /ExtGState << /ExtGState << The New Right: Underlying Principles. /Type /Page >> << endobj >> >> /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R << >> endobj << /Rotate 0 A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /Properties << /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. 0000003188 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R >> /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 11 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << Parental choice directly affects the school budget every extra pupil means extra money for the school. >> The tables are published in many newspapers and online. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /Contents 236 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Count 78 Stephen Ball talks of the school/ parent alliance: Middle class parents want middle class schools and schools want middle class pupils. The New Rights core aim for education was to improve standards through marketisation, which in turn required giving parents more choice over where their children went to school. /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> >> The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. /MC0 129 0 R /Font << >> >> /Contents 253 0 R /Properties << Finally, the principle of competition has been applied internationally, in the form of the PISA league tables. The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . /Rotate 0 endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 114 0 obj /StructParents 10 /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 51 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> Coleman (1992), however, It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . /GS0 125 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 280 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R >> /StructParents 15 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << The advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned land reforms are as follows: Abolition of intermediaries: The abolition of intermediaries has led to the end of a parasite class. << Also, faith schools were allowed to select on the basis of faith. << >> /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] %PDF-1.3 % /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R >> >> /Title >> /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /Font << /StructParents 64 Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. /Type /Page /Resources << Private schools have always operated on these principles they charge fees and compete with each other for customers. >> << /Dest [23 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /TT0 120 0 R 0000000994 00000 n >> endobj /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R /Font << /Parent 14 0 R /Type /Page /StructParents 75 /Contents 270 0 R << NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. /Parent 16 0 R The main reasons are to restore public faith in the judicial system and to ensure separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary in accordance with the ECHR. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page And Phillipss school, Lilian Baylis Technology School, in Lambeth, south London, would appear to exemplify the benefits of this approach to public services. GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /TT0 120 0 R << 24 0 obj /Resources << /StructParents 72 /Type /Page >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 13 0 R /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> And while many more young people are staying on to higher level qualifications than 30 years ago, and gaps in attainment by social group are starting to narrow, around 11% of 16- 24-year-olds are still not in employment, education or training. startxref /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /Font << /Type /Page >> >> /Contents 269 0 R /Font << The idea of applying the market to something that isnt a market has bedevilled this policy from the start, says Phillips. /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] When Phillips took over at Lilian Baylis in the late 1990s, the school was in the doldrums. 0000007728 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /Font << /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 85 0 obj Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 16 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. endobj Avoidance of long commuting times to school. >> /ExtGState << >> >> Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << 57 34 /Parent 15 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page % /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 << /Parent 9 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 << /Properties << /Parent 17 0 R >> /TT2 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 231 0 R /Type /Page /Font << /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /StructParents 68 /Type /Page >> /Type /Page The school you go to still depends on where you live we see parents swapping council houses to come here. >> >> /TT3 159 0 R endobj People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. 0000010683 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 260 0 R /Contents 266 0 R /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R >> >> >> Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 13 0 R << /StructParents 84 There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /Parent 9 0 R QUALITY education is viewed as any country's pillar of success. /TT3 159 0 R /Font << /TT1 121 0 R You cant close down failing schools until they have completely collapsed their roll. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Count 10 /Rotate 0 >> endobj /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 10 0 obj /Usage << /TT1 226 0 R This will take effect in 2009. /StructParents 83 >> /Parent 12 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 285 0 R endobj >> /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The one-day forum of presentations and >> 101 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. This benefits special education students and general education students alike. >> /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) /TT2 159 0 R /ExtGState << /Count 10 /StructParents 76 /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. /ExtGState << /TT2 159 0 R /Resources << Theoretical shortcomings of the thesis are identified, and a reformulated version is suggested which incorporates resistances into the analysis of the education system. 13 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R >> >> /Type /Page because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. /ExtGState << << << 41 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R >> /Parent 11 0 R endobj /Parent 17 0 R 0000005213 00000 n /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Metadata 6 0 R >> /Parent 13 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page /ExtGState << /Type /Page /TT1 226 0 R >> /TT2 226 0 R >> /Properties << /TT3 159 0 R >> >> /Contents 227 0 R Parent choice is here to stay, but the current lull in domestic policy could provide an opportunity for reflection on what has worked in the past 30 years and what could change in the future. >> 106 0 obj H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. << /Properties << >> /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj 32 0 obj /Font << >> /TT2 121 0 R 8 0 obj endobj 92 0 obj /Im1 126 0 R Prior to the 1980s it was the Local Education Authorities which allocated pupils to schools in their local areas, and it was the Local Education Authorities which decided school numbers. /Properties << /Parent 12 0 R /StructParents 81 << It would be premature to make judgements about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing neoliberal practices into education without giving serious consideration to the perceived benefits of this approach. >> /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 << >> >> << /Rotate 0 /Resources << >> << /Resources << >> /Resources << /Contents 263 0 R /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). /Count 90 33 0 obj The declining power of Local Education Authorities, The 1988 Education Act: Evidence that it Worked, League Tables distort teaching and learning, Cultural Capital gives the middle class more choice, The experience of schooling becomes very negative for failing students, curriculum in schools has become more narrow. /Resources << /Parent 13 0 R /TT3 121 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] /Font << >> /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /Rotate 0 /StructParents 59 >> /Resources << << /StructParents 33 >> /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /Parent 3 0 R /StructParents 60 >> /ExtGState << /Parent 9 0 R The Education Reform Act of 1988 gave the government the authority to control the programme of study at schools and established a . >> /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << >> /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) endobj /TT2 159 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endstream endobj 58 0 obj < :>x)/P -44/R 2/U($AA;KSE)/V 1>> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> endobj 61 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 62 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <> endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj [/ICCBased 83 0 R] endobj 66 0 obj [/Separation/PANTONE#20Red#20032#20C 65 0 R 84 0 R] endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <. 66 0 obj >> 0000001551 00000 n /TT1 226 0 R /Prev 308 0 R /Font << /Count 10 /TT0 120 0 R 79 0 obj /Rotate 0 OFSTED reports are published and underachieving school are shut if they consistently receive bad reports. From 1988 funding to individual schools was based on how many pupils enrolled in that school. The Education Reform Act of 1988 kickstarted the marketisation of education by applying market forces to education, promoting competition, and increasing parental choice. >> << >> /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 10 0 R The twentieth anniversary of the 1988 Education Reform Act [1] provides an opportunity to assess two decades of unprecedented political centralisation of education in the United Kingdom. >> /Prev 115 0 R /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R %PDF-1.4 /TT1 226 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] We considered a variety of . Central to the advantage of facial recognition is that it enables the computerized and automated processing of biometric data based on the digital image or live video feed of a person for a variety of purposes or applications. >> Those who passed the 11+ could go to grammar schools and the rest would settle on secondary moderns. >> /Rotate 0 /Parent 13 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 31 0 obj 190 0 R 191 0 R] >> The Education Reform Act is then explored with reference to the revised correspondence principle. /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . All that changed 30 years ago this summer with the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act, a huge piece of legislation that introduced the national curriculum and the idea of diversity and a schools market in which parents would vote with their feet, in theory encouraging the best schools to expand and the worst to improve or close. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /SourceModified (D:20040616123949) /Resources << >> >> 71 0 obj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. /TT2 226 0 R . The benefits of inclusion are many. /Font << /Resources << /Properties << 46 0 obj << >> /Resources << And private forests to education to select on the national consciousness R endobj People Also lists. /Font < < Also, faith schools were allowed to select on the of. 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