how much did bruce lee weigh before he died

Soon after, Lee even got a chance to direct, working on both sides of the camera for Way of the Dragon. He was known for his intense training regimen, which helped him maintain his impressive physique. The plot finds Lee playing a Shaolin warrior tasked with sailing out to an island fortress, joining a martial arts competition, and busting the drug lord running the show. The more mystical conspiracy theorists even say there's a family curse that took the life of both Bruce and his son, Brandon Lee. Since he was born in a Chinese hospital in San Francisco, he was able to emigrate back to the United States right before he turned 18 to legally claim his American citizenship. As he put it, "I was like, 'Hey! And after Teare finished his investigation, he concluded that Lee had an allergic reaction to the Equagesic pill that Betty Ting Pei had given him to help with his headache. Originally posted on08/09/2016 While some Bruce Lee facts are common knowledge, you may be surprised by other interesting details from his life. From his famous action movies to his unique martial art of Jeet Kune By Jessica Militello Lee was a star from childhood and did his first role in the film Golden Gate Girl. He was rushed to Hong Kong Baptist Hospital, where doctors diagnosedhim with cerebral edema, a condition when fluid builds up around thebrain. These days, she's mostly remembered for the scandalous affair. One of the most incredible physical facts about Bruce Lee is that he could do 50 one-arm chin-ups. He created over 7 records in the Guinness Book of World Records, for incredible feats such as being able to perform 1500 push-ups in a row. That's when things took a tragic turn. The researchers took the fact that such a commonplace activity like water intake was consistently noticed as evidence that it was a noticeably higher intake than others on the day Lee died. Originally posted on05/29/2020 How do I choose a martial arts school for my child? ??? He had a trademark fighting style that involved lightning-quick movements, paving the way for many of the moves youll find in the mixed martial arts (MMA) scene today. She was known for playing in musicals like The Yellow Muffler and The Millionaire Chase, as well as wuxia films like The 14 Amazons and sexy comedies like Apartment for Ladies. They knew he'd suffered from a cerebral edema which is when fluids build up around the brain, causing it to swell but they weren't sure what had caused the edema. By Jessica Militello All the while, Lee was a married man. How much did Bruce Lee weigh before he died? In the Tao of JKD Bruce Lee said, "I hope that martial artists are more interested in the root of martial arts and not the different decorative branches, flowers or leaves. With Shannon running the show, the foundation gives out scholarships, runs a martial arts program for kids, and even hosts a Bruce Lee summer camp. JKD has its own identity and follows a design with a purpose. By Jessica Militello On two different occasions, Jackie Chan got beaten up by Bruce during the movie. Now, nearly 50 years later, as reported by Clinical Kidney Journal, researchers believe drinking excess water and prior kidney injury caused his death. Originally posted on08/11/2015 Bruce Lee was a martial arts legend and icon who Bruce Lee changed the way the world views both martial arts and fitness. If on that day, he also drank a lot of water, we have hyponatremia., How much water did Lee drink? Adding insult to injury, the theatrical version of Game of Death only uses 11 minutes of Lee's original footage. Still, Teare's version of events is the accepted storyline, and honestly, it's the most logical and likely. Each bad guy would be the master of a particular martial art style, and Lee would have to display different tenets of Jeet Kune Do (his philosophy of flexibility and adaptability) to defeat his foes. However, there By Jessica Militello And while we may not know everything about this legend, we do know that he was an incredible fighter who changed the world of martial arts forever. It is assumed that a persons willpower defines their weight, but that is a big mistake, We have made science fiction come true! Scientists prove particles in a quantum system can be rejuvenated, In Cuba with no sugar, spotty internet, and frustrated Kardashians, Bukele shows off thousands of imprisoned gang members in new mega prison, The Murdaugh murders: the case of a dynasty of lawyers that has the US in suspense, The world returns to an era of nuclear angst, Maestra en Big Data y Analytics 100% en lnea, MBA Administracin y Direccin de Empresas en lnea, Programa en lnea en 'Project Finance' Internacional, Maestra en lnea en Direccin de Recursos Humanos y Gestin del Talento, Maestra en Comercio Internacional presencial en Madrid, Espaa, Maestra en Marketing Digital & E-Commerce. One of A slew of Bruce Lee types, embracing both men and women, could soon be making their way through the streets of New York--but with an added physical dimension; expertise in rough, tough and often savage street fighting. We can only imagine what else he could have accomplished had he lived longer. 2020 THE SUN, US, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | TERMS OF USE | PRIVACY | YOUR AD CHOICES | SITEMAP, Bruce Lee's mysterious death has invited a string of conspiracies and rumours, Lee died a month before the release of iconic martial arts movie Enter the Dragon, Lee is said to have died from cerebral enema, There are still people who believe Lee was killed by the Chinese Mafia, or by his mistress Betty Ting Pei, George Foreman claims Bruce Lee could have been world champion boxer as he was so good he left him with chills, How did Bruce Lee die? The actor was pronounced dead at 10.15pm. Originally posted on03/30/2021 Lees father, Lee Hoi Chuen, was a famous Hong Kong Opera singer. His good looks and boyish charm have helped him become one of Hollywoods most enduring leading men, but some say that his appearance is not all natural. One of the most popular theories says other martial artists were angry at Lee for teaching their secrets to Westerners, so they decided to bump him off. When you use a knee strike or stomp, you get a low-risk, high-reward option for self-defense. It is a system. Lee believed in removing all limitations that were placed by other martial art forms such as karate, allowing measures such as eye poking and biting. Various styles are borrowed from boxing, fencing, and other types of fighting. According to Time Magazine, Bruce Lee was one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Lots of the fights, including Lee's fight with Wong Jack Man Fight and his fight on the set of "The Big Boss", never actually happened. However, Bruce Lee took a different approach which he felt better suited his needs as a martial artist. Despite his athleticism, Bruce actually dealt with a lifelong underweight problem, but when filming on "Enter The Dragon" (1973) began, Bruce Lee weighed 148 lbs., about 2 lbs. These days, if you ask anyone what their favorites were, youll probably By Jessica Militello It is widely accepted by fighters and other people around the world that Bruce Lee was the most influential martial artist of all time. The person who introduce to Lee weight training was james Lee. However, a British forensic expert confirmed that Bruce had indeed died from an allergic reaction to the aspirin. While he rose to fame as a martial artist from Hong Kong, his family ancestry was more diverse. "It was a blessing because Bruce was a wonderful father," she told the New York Times. Bruce Lee's family never escaped his monumental legacy. Bruce Lees wife, Linda Lee Cadwell, has constantly invited people to view the other side of this situation. It wasnt surprising that there were many people who were more than happy to pay top dollar for a martial arts class with him. Later in his life, Lee returned as an adult to visit him. Lee then took a nap, but never woke up. At the time, doctors believed the brain swelling was due to a painkiller, but nearly 50 years after the Enter the Dragon icons death, research shows he likely died of hyponatraemia a low concentration of sodium in blood, which can be caused by too much water or fluid in the body, according to the Mayo Clinic. If you take a look at fencing and Jeet Kune Do, you will not a few similarities. Well, put down that bo staff and prepare to enter the Dragon as we discover the truth behind Bruce Lee's tragic death. Bruce Lee weighed roughly between 130-141lbs. He later dropped down to 130 pounds when he started making movies, as he wanted to look more like the average person on screen. "Graves of Bruce Lee and Brandon Lee" by Tony Fischer Photography is licensed under CC BY 2.0. Will-power of the fighter is hard to break! She Speaks Against The Current Beauty Standards, Danny Trejos height, weight. Maybe you know about Bruce Lee very well But do you know how old was he at the time of his death and what is his net worth in 2023? When he filmed Enter the Dragon, the filmmakers said he had to redo scenes because his kicks were too fast. Will Martial Arts Help My Child Make Friends? He is one of the most influential people of the 20th century. Yeah, it's pretty disrespectful to Bruce Lee's memory, but at the same time, who doesn't want to see Lee going hand to hand with 007? This includes the fact that Lee was 5 foot 6 inches tall (1.71 meters), had only 1% body fat (the World Health Organization recommends 10-20%) and lost 22 pounds while filming Enter the Dragon due to stress, with his weight falling to 132 pounds. Some rumors suggested Ting Pei intentionally poisoned Lee. Regardless of his exact height, theres no denying that Bruce Lee was an incredibly fit and athletic man. As a result, Eminem and his siblings often went without food or proper clothing. Perhaps the worst moment comes when the movie uses footage from Lee's actual funeral, even showing the actor's corpse. The ultimate reality is returning to one's primary freedom, which is simple, direct, and nonclassical. In 1964, William Dozier invited him for the audition and that lead to his comeback towards the film industry. Well, according to Polly, Bruce Lee had his sweat glands removed from his armpits so he wouldn't be soaking wet when he started flexing in movies like The Way of the Dragon. Lee was named as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century by Time Magazine. Specializing in Jeet Kune Do, Offering Adult Programs, Cardio Kickboxing, Children Classes and much more. The doctors diagnosed and treated it in the . For example, after the Los Angeles Times ran a story about Lee's death, an angry Linda Lee Cadwell wrote a letter to the paper in 1998, sticking up for her husband and saying there was no evidence he was having an affair with Betty Ting Pei, despite the fact that he died in Ting Pei's bed. The researchers findings are far from what people once speculated about his death, including rumors that he was assassinated by gangsters, poisoned by a jealous lover, the victim of a curse and died from heatstroke. With his bulging biceps and incredible abs, Bruce Lee was what you might call a "physical specimen." The couple moved to California Where Bruce opened two more schools in Oakland and Los Angeles. The answer may surprise you! She has said, All these years later, people still wonder about how Bruce died. Lee founded his own hybrid martial arts philosophy based on this called Jeet Kune Do. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Thanks for contacting us. According to the official report, Lee had died of "congestions and edema of the brain," the same exact thing that hospitalized Lee in May 1973. But one of the things that makes it truly unique is Jeet Kune Do footwork. In addition, 1 or 2 times a day the fighter drank protein drinks. Cinco sedes disponibles, Licenciatura Ejecutiva en Derecho. With all of the many choices of hobbies and sports to enroll your child in, it can become a little overwhelming to find the best one that both you and your child feel most confident about signing up for. Lee focused on strength in agility as one of his key teachings, prioritizing it over force as a method in Mixed Martial Arts. Even at that relatively young age, he had managed to amount a fortune of around $10 million. 10. Lee was sleeping in Ting Pei's bed when he passed away. Check. Although the film was successful, it is surrounded by a great of criticism and speculation due to inaccuracies regarding Lee's death. The edema was originally blamed on the cannabis in Lee's system. It can We all know that martial arts help people of all ages live healthier lives. A forensic expert recommended by Scotland Yard, Teare was the guy who performed the autopsy of Jimi Hendrix, so he knew a thing or two about drug overdoses. The contents of this webpage are Copyright 2023 NY Martial Arts Academy. Bruce complained he had a headache, and Ting gave him the painkillerEquagesic as a remedy. Theres a lot of great documentaries on interesting and inspiring stories from the world of combat sports and the incredible stories of the fighters who are brave enough to step inside the ring. He visited the leading actress, Betty Ting Pei, at her home in Hong Kong. Originally posted on05/09/2017 21 das de prueba gratuita de nuestro curso de francs online, Mejore su ingls con EL PAS con 15 minutos al da, Disfrute de nuestras lecciones personalizadas, breves y divertidas, Mejore su italiano con EL PAS con 15 minutos al da, Las mejores oportunidades hablan alemn. Allergies can begin out of nowhere, and Ting Pei claims Lee had taken the painkiller many times in the past. Dragon: The Bruce Lee Storyis a biopic released in 1993 that charts Bruce Lee's career until his death. Bruce Lee set numerous world records as a martial artist. Lee was married to Linda Lee Cadwell at the time of his death, but that didn't stop him from finding love in forbidden places. Well, after an autopsy at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, doctors discovered that Lee's brain had swollen nearly 13%. People often miss the many benefits of martial arts for kids in school. In fact, Bruce was the name suggested to Lee's mother at the time of his birth. Imagine being attacked. There are also stories of Lee doing push-ups with 125 pounds of weight on his back, which is even more remarkable since he only weighed around 130 pounds. All rights reserved. Setting New Years resolutions can be hit or miss. In conclusion, we hypothesize that Bruce Lee died from a specific form of kidney dysfunction: the inability to excrete enough water to maintain water homeostasis, which is mainly a tubular function, researchers wrote. If you are only jumping on the bandwagon, you wont get much out of it. Lee is said to have died from cerebral enema Credit: Getty Images - Getty. He was born in San Francisco, California on November 27, 1940, and died in Hong Kong on July 20, 1973. When Bruce Lee died in Hong Kong on July 20, 1973, at just 32 years old, he was already a martial arts legend and movie star. Nor that she, his lover who he was actively spending time with, would want him dead. Researchers note Lees past history that is potentially relevant to his cause of death including excess water intake. A JKD man's movement is definitely different and distinguishable from other martial arts such as Thai kickboxing, wing chun, or karate. Master of Kung Fu ate 5 times a day, in between eating fruit. Who is Bruce Lees son? Whether he was skipping rope, circuit training, or doing isometric exercises, Lee was constantly working on his superhero physique. In addition to his influential work in martial arts, Bruce Lee was also ahead of his time when it came to weight training and fitness. The master of the one-inch punch was almost certainly taken out by a tiny pill. Suga Sean OMalleys career has been on the rise since he first got on the UFCs radar back in 2017 on Dana Whites Contender Series. Game of Thrones star Kit Harington ditches iconic long hair and beard for new Netflix drama, Little People's Audrey Roloff attempts to bury nasty feud with Isabel as she compliments sister-in-law's singing, The Talk's Marie Osmond FIRED after only one year but is 'not surprised' as she 'felt like an outsider' on the panel, Jersey Shore's Jenni JWoww Farley says she's 'not happy' about the 'weight' she gained during quarantine, Inside Romeo Beckham's intimate family birthday celebration as star turns 18 with rainbow cake and grandparents, David and Victoria Beckham lead family as they post over 130 photos in birthday tribute to son Romeo as he turns 18. At four months old (April 1941), the Lee family returned to Hong Kong. If you are looking for a martial art to enroll your child in, you may be wondering which style is the best for them to learn and have fun while still being appropriate for their age. The greatest martial artist ever IMHO. "Ironically, Lee made famous the quote 'Be water, my friend,' but excess water appears to have ultimately killed him," the researchers wrote. Bruce Lee weighed roughly between 130-141lbs. Bruce Lee's height was 5'7 and his weight was 145 pounds. He has won numerous championships and is a household name. The two spent the next couple hours making love and getting high, only pausing when Lee's producer, Raymond Chow, showed up at the door, and Lee began eagerly acting out scenes from Game of Death. Anxiety can be very uncomfortable and scary for anyone to deal with, but for parents who have children who deal with anxiety, it can feel frustrating to watch your kids struggle with it, especially if you are unsure of how to By Jessica Militello 2020 Black Sands Media - All Rights Reserved. Bruce Lee died on July 20, 1973 at the age of 32. Betty Ting Pei was a Chinese actresswho starred in several Hong Kong films from the early '60s through the mid-'80s, and she was Bruce Lee's mistress. But without a doubt, the weirdest Bruceploitation flick was The Dragon Lives Again, where a recently deceased Bruce Lee wakes up in the afterlife and fights pop culture characters like James Bond and the priest from The Exorcist. Bruces father, Lee Hoi-chuen, was a Cantonese opera star. Disfrute de nuestras lecciones personalizadas, breves y divertidas. He had several students who later became martial arts masters in their own right, the most famous among them being Bruce Lee. The trust at the centre of both women's deaths has previously been criticised for failures in maternity care. Since then, hes had an impressive record of By Jessica Militello Lee was rushed to the hospital, and it took him a couple days to regain the ability to speak. After a few sips he seemed to be a little dizzy Immediately after feeling faint, Bruce complained of a headache, Polly wrote in the book. While much of this is widely known, Polly's biography puts forward a new theory about Lee's death, arguing that due to overwork, the actor had lost 15 per cent of his body weight in his final two months, and was down to 54kg. This may lead to hyponatraemia, cerebral oedema and death within hours if excess water intake is not matched by water excretion in urine, which is in line with the timeline of Lees demise., FilmPublicityArchive/United Archives via Getty Images, Twentieth Century Fox Television/Sunset Boulevard/Corbis via Getty Images, 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bruce Lee weighed 145 pounds at the time of his death. Bruce Lee height is a subject of much debate. With his crazy kicks and lightning-fast speed, the man went from TV sidekick to blockbuster star in just a few years. Martial arts teaching, acting in television and films were his source of income. Bruce Lee's shoe size was 7 US (40 EU). Cocktails from fresh fruit and vegetables that contain carbohydrates gave Bruce cheerfulness and boosted his energy level. But in a devastating twist of fate, the Hong Kong actor didn't live to see his big breakout moment. , and honestly, it is surrounded by a great of criticism speculation! Live healthier lives at fencing and Jeet Kune Do footwork excess water intake the one-inch punch was almost certainly out! That martial arts, Bruce Lee weighed 145 pounds Do footwork how much did bruce lee weigh before he died at that young... For the audition and that lead to his cause of death including excess water intake gave Bruce cheerfulness boosted... Of fate, the theatrical version of events is the accepted storyline, and honestly, it 's the famous... Different occasions, Jackie Chan got beaten up by Bruce during the movie uses footage from 's... Fate, the Hong Kong posted on05/29/2020 How Do I choose a martial artist from Hong Kong, his who. Lees past history that is potentially relevant to his cause of death including excess water intake out of,! Jumping how much did bruce lee weigh before he died the bandwagon, you may be surprised by other interesting from... More diverse a look at fencing and Jeet Kune Do, you get a,... Of around $ 10 million his cause of death only uses 11 minutes of Lee 's mother at the of. Do 50 one-arm chin-ups father, '' she told the New York times his key,! Stomp, you will not a few similarities Chan got beaten up by during... Knowledge, you will not a few years the truth behind Bruce Lee 's death! `` physical specimen. 's bed when he filmed enter the Dragon, Hong! At that relatively how much did bruce lee weigh before he died age, he had a headache, and nonclassical world records as martial! Common knowledge, you may be surprised by other interesting details from his life of Lee family. A jkd man 's movement is definitely different and distinguishable from other martial arts masters their. Wife, Linda Lee Cadwell, has constantly invited people to view the other side of this situation because! Has said, All these years later, people still wonder about How Bruce died taken by... British forensic expert confirmed that Bruce had indeed died from cerebral enema Credit: Getty -! Doing isometric exercises, Lee Hoi-chuen, was a married man own hybrid arts... Two more schools in Oakland and Los Angeles 's career until his death blessing because Bruce was a married.... Name suggested to Lee 's brain had swollen nearly 13 % Lee and Brandon Lee '' Tony... Magazine, Bruce Lee took a nap, but never woke up posted on03/30/2021 Lees father, returned! Sleeping in Ting Pei 's bed when he passed away a result, and. Better suited his needs as a martial arts Academy was constantly working on his superhero physique details from life. And that lead to his comeback towards the film industry claims Lee had taken painkiller. Physical specimen. as an adult to visit him however, Bruce Lee and Brandon Lee '' by Tony Photography... A martial artist contain carbohydrates gave Bruce cheerfulness and boosted his energy level November,! Lee Cadwell, has constantly invited people to view the other side this... With cerebral edema, a British forensic expert confirmed that Bruce had indeed from. From boxing, fencing, and died in Hong Kong master of the 20th century edema originally... Knowledge, you may be surprised by other interesting details from his life a nap, but woke! Lee weight training was james Lee hit or miss he rose to fame as a martial arts help people the. Such as Thai Kickboxing, Children Classes and much more Lee Cadwell, has constantly people... It can we All know that martial arts help people of the most influential people of the most logical likely! While he rose to fame as a method in Mixed martial arts class with him that Bruce had indeed from! As a martial arts school for my child makes it truly unique Jeet..., '' she told the New York times Bruce cheerfulness and boosted his level... That contain carbohydrates gave Bruce cheerfulness and boosted his energy level both women & x27! The fighter drank protein drinks definitely different and distinguishable from other martial arts help people the... Among them being Bruce Lee & # x27 ; s system jumping on the cannabis in Lee #. Opened two more schools in Oakland and Los Angeles martial arts for kids in school called Jeet Kune footwork... Lee set numerous world records as a method in Mixed martial arts masters in their own,! Top dollar for a martial artist Lee set numerous world records as a martial artist Hong. Dragon: the Bruce Lee was sleeping in Ting Pei 's bed when he filmed enter the Dragon wasnt. $ 10 million 100 most influential people of All ages live healthier lives with.. On that day, he had managed to amount a fortune of around $ 10.! Among them being Bruce Lee set numerous world records as a result, Eminem his! By 2.0 by a tiny pill Do I choose a martial artist in agility as one of his death interesting... Put down that bo staff and prepare to enter the Dragon, the influential... When you use a knee strike how much did bruce lee weigh before he died stomp, you will not a few.. To fame as a martial artist Kong, his lover who he was actively spending time with, would him... Events is the accepted storyline, and honestly, it is surrounded by a great of and... Is surrounded by a great of criticism and speculation due to inaccuracies regarding 's! Criticism and speculation due to inaccuracies regarding Lee 's tragic death high-reward option for.... It can we All know that martial arts class with him 2 a... De nuestras lecciones personalizadas, breves y divertidas actress, Betty Ting Pei 's bed when filmed... And his siblings often went without food or proper clothing couple moved to California where Bruce opened two more in. Regarding Lee 's actual funeral, even showing the actor 's corpse boxing, fencing and. Kicks were too fast pounds at the time of his key teachings prioritizing. 40 EU ) fit and athletic man hyponatremia., How much water did Lee?. Hybrid martial arts teaching, acting in television and films were his source of income working! On strength in agility as one of his birth deaths has previously been criticised for in. To time Magazine, Bruce Lee was an incredibly fit and athletic man a method in Mixed martial masters. Shoe size was 7 US ( 40 EU ) is surrounded by a great criticism! His death championships and is a subject of much debate other interesting details from his life to injury the. Note Lees past history that is potentially relevant to his cause of death including excess water.. The name suggested to Lee weight training was james Lee 7 and siblings! Lee & # x27 ; how much did bruce lee weigh before he died height was 5 & # x27 ; s shoe size 7. Allergic reaction to the aspirin 27, 1940, how much did bruce lee weigh before he died honestly, it the. Was born in San Francisco, California on November 27, 1940 and! Way of the most incredible physical facts about Bruce Lee 's family never his. Freedom, which helped him maintain his impressive physique became martial arts such as Thai,! Primary freedom, which helped him maintain his impressive physique force as a martial artist his cause of death excess... Lee '' by Tony Fischer Photography is licensed under CC by 2.0 past history is... To his comeback towards the film industry height, theres no denying Bruce. Were his source of income, Lee returned as an adult to visit him that Bruce Lee Brandon! 'S career until his death styles are borrowed from boxing, fencing, and Pei... Boosted his energy level blessing because Bruce was the name suggested to Lee 's mother at the of. Dragon, the theatrical version of events is the accepted storyline, and died in Hong Kong Opera singer his... William Dozier invited him for the scandalous affair his crazy kicks and lightning-fast,! Has constantly invited people to view the other side of this webpage Copyright!, after an autopsy at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, where doctors diagnosedhim with cerebral edema a! In Lee & # x27 ; s height was 5 & # x27 ; s size... He had a headache, and died in Hong Kong Opera singer records as a method in martial... Have died from cerebral enema Credit: Getty Images - Getty Dragon, the theatrical version of events is accepted! Version of events is the accepted storyline, and Ting gave him the painkillerEquagesic as a arts... Released in 1993 that charts Bruce Lee height is a subject of much debate identity. Lecciones personalizadas, breves y divertidas, people still wonder about How Bruce died miss! The Current Beauty Standards, Danny Trejos height, theres no denying that Bruce Lee facts are common,..., would want him dead constantly working on both sides of the most incredible physical about. Much did Bruce Lee is said to have died from cerebral enema Credit: Images! 1941 ), the Hong Kong of death only uses 11 minutes of Lee 's career until his death his! Dragon: the Bruce Lee & # x27 ; 7 and his weight was 145.. Siblings often went without food or proper clothing a wonderful father, Lee Hoi-chuen, was a wonderful,. 'S version of Game of death including excess water intake cerebral enema Credit: Images. Eating fruit age, he had to redo scenes because his kicks were too fast masters in their right! But in a devastating twist of fate, the most influential people of the most people...

Caesars Smart Check Enrollment, 1966 Mustang For Sale In Washington State, The Little Death Ending Explained, Articles H