new laws in california 2022 for inmates

New laws restrict activities near polling places or other voting stations as well as the placing of fake ballot boxes. (6) Receiving state benefits. More information: See Ending Legal Bias Against Formerly Incarcerated People: Establishing Protected Legal Status, by the Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society (now the Othering & Belonging Institute), and Barred Businesss The Protected Campaign for information about the campaign to pass Ordinance 22-O-1748 in Atlanta. New California pay-to-play law taken to court. The new law allows challenges to the use of a peremptory challenge based on these criteria, and requires the party exercising the peremptory challenge to state race neutral reasons for exercising the peremptory challenge.Challenges based on the following are presumed invalid: (1) Expressing a distrust of or having a negative experience with law enforcement or the criminal legal system. These unnecessary incarcerations make it harder for people under supervision to succeed and lead to higher correction costs. CALIFORNIA VOTES: A 2022 Election Preview, May 26, 2022; California Crime, March 3, 2022 justice reforms mark major package of new laws. In any case in which an emergency endangering the lives of inmates of a state, county, or city penal or correctional institution has occurred or is imminent, the person in charge of the institution Solutions: Pass laws or ordinances that make people with conviction histories a protected class under civil rights statutes. This change should also be made retroactive for all people currently in prison, on parole, or on probation for felony theft. When Biden took office in 2021 the total national debt exceeded $27.7 trillion. Problem: Video calling is quietly sweeping the nations prisons and local jails. 1170 (b)( 3), (6)]Persons convicted of most drug offenses who had prior drug offenses were ineligible for probation under former Health and Safety Code section 11370. 3474 0 obj <>stream WebOn September 29, 2022, Governor Gavin Newsom signed effective January 1, 2023, which amends Penal Code sections and 1473. The end result was above all expectations. With 2022 upon us, here are some of the new laws that went into effect January 1. Because probation is billed as an alternative to incarceration and is often imposed through plea bargains, the lengths of probation sentences do not receive as much scrutiny as they should. More information: The Council of State Governments report Confined and Costly shows how many people are admitted and incarcerated for technical violations in your states prisons. Research shows that these programs are effective when offered after release as part of the reentry process. Attorney Advertising. States and U.S. territories have changed restrictions on jury service through legislative reform, amendments to court rules, and changes to executive clemency rules. Thus, only defendants whose convictions were not yet final could benefit from the new law. WebCal. (5) Having a child outside of marriage. Legislation: Illinois Pretrial Fairness Act, HB 3653 (2019), passed in 2021, abolishes money bail, limits pretrial detention, regulates the use of risk assessment tools in pretrial decisions, and requires reconsideration of pretrial conditions or detention at each court date. Victims of violence prefer an investment in prevention and rehabilitation rather than incarceration. We are leading the movement to protect our democracy from the Census Bureau's prison miscount. Accordingly, the legislation Show Less. Solutions: The Federal Communications Commission has made progress on lowering interstate phone rates, but the agency is legally unable to regulate prices for in-state calling. Retroactivity is always an issue anytime there is criminal justice reform. In addition, in 2019 the Colorado Secretary of State adopted a rule requiring the states 64 sheriffs to coordinate with county election clerks to facilitate voting in jails (see 8 CCR 1505-1, Rules 7.4, 7.4.1). Strong and determined advocate who will never let his clients down. The California Police Chiefs Association argue that the bill "sets a dangerous precedent in California court of law, and would jeopardize the health and safety of the communities we are sworn to protect. Also the commission of the predicate gang offense cant include the charged offense and the benefit of the predicate crimes must have been more than simply reputational. Finally a gang must be an organized organization., RELEASE OF PROBATIONERS PENDING VIOLATION HEARING. 124 and 1540 (2021-2022 Reg. On Jan. 1, the minimum wage in California will increase to $15.50 an hour. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. 1170 (b)( 3), (6)]. WebThe laws change often and can be looked at in different ways. Problem: 35 states (Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Ind., Iowa, Kan., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Mo., Neb., N.H., N.J., N.M., N.Y., N.C., N.D., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.D., Tenn., Texas, Vt., Wash., and Wisc.) WebIn December 2022, the Workers Compensation Appeals Board (WCAB) issued four panel decisions that defined the parameters for analysis of the employment status of inmate workers for the purposes of determining whether these inmate workers are entitled to the protections of workers compensation and other labor laws.Garcia, Castaneda, Chaparro v. Legislation and rulemaking: New York S 1014/A 2377 (2021) proposed to end the lifetime ban on jury service for people with felony convictions in New York and restore the right to serve on a jury after completion of sentence. These laws, while very complex, provide several avenues of relief. unless the Court finds by clear and convincing evidence that incarceration is required to assure future court appearance or public safety. d'Q"nGtxOgynaFs)hNlqFm=rhk`m=BZ'&PhX:'E8JVq2'6U]y&1 In addition, state laws and practices can make it impossible for eligible voters who are incarcerated to exercise their right to vote, by limiting access to absentee ballots, when requests for ballots can be submitted, how requests for ballots and ballots themselves must be submitted, and how errors on an absentee ballot envelope can be fixed. Prior to 2022, persons on felony probation were typically remanded pending a determination of the truth of any allegations of a violation. hVSTU?Xp},C5K0 Also soliciting a vote, speaking to a voter about marking the voter's ballot, or disseminating visible or audible electioneering information in the immediate vicinity of a voter in line to cast a ballot or drop off a ballot is prohibited. New California Laws for 2022 January 07, 2022 Hundreds of bills signed by Governor Gavin Newsom in 2021 took effect beginning January 1, 2022. Problem: Technical violations are behaviors that break parole rules that would not count as crimes for someone not under community supervision, such as missing curfew or a check-in meeting, maintaining employment, associating with people who have conviction histories, and failing a drug test. SAN FRANCISCO -- Every year, new laws are approved in California in the hope of tackling the problems people face in the Golden State. Legislation: Ordinance 22-O-1748 (2022), passed in October 2022 by the Atlanta City Council, bars employment discrimination on the basis of criminal history status in most circumstances. The new rules are being disputed. and Moreover, a rapist should not be shielded from punishment simply because the rapist is married to the victim. Problem: In courthouses throughout the country, defendants are routinely denied the promise of a jury of their peers, thanks to a lack of racial diversity in jury boxes. Readers should also note that we made a conscious choice to not include critical reforms that are unique to just a few states, or important reforms for which we dont yet have enough useful resources to be helpful to most states. "When spousal rape is not treated as seriously as other forms of rape, it invalidates the victims' traumatic experiences and continues to promote rape culture. After Matthew Kaestner's efforts in defending a relative I would rate him at the top! Elections Code section 18541 expands prohibited activities within 100 feet of a polling place to now include obstructing ingress, egress, and parking. If incarceration is used to respond to technical violations, the length of time served should be limited and proportionate to the harm caused by the non-criminal rule violation. Civil asset forfeiture makes poor communities poorer and incentivizes aggressive policing. Moreover, the growth of privatized probation in some states has led to unnecessary pay only probation supervision for minor offenses. Summary: This bill allows a court to grant probation for specified drug offenses which are currently either ineligible or presumptively ineligible for probation. Given the racial disparities in the criminal justice system, these policies disproportionately exclude Black and Latinx Americans from the ballot box. From healthcare to marriage to law enforcement, these new rules affect the daily lives of everyone in the state. SACRAMENTO . The Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act ( VCDPA ), will take effect January 1, 2023. Thus, during Bidens presidency the national debt had increased by $3.7 trillion through deficit spending. Both SB 180 and SB 136 were huge strides forward in terms of criminal justice reform in California. (7) Not being a native English speaker. Click to reveal New Laws for 2022 . Professor Diane Lourdes Dick, who teaches tax, business and commercial law courses, joined the faculty as a professor. Michigan S 1051 (2020) requires conditions of parole be tailored to the assessed risks and needs of the parolee. Michigan S 1050 (2020) states a person may not be ineligible for early discharge from probation because of the inability to pay for the conditions of probation or court-ordered financial obligations. ", WATCH RELATED: The New Year will ring in a slew of new laws throughout California. States that are serious about reforming their criminal justice systems can no longer afford to ignore people serving time for violent offenses. 3459 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<7447CF3D461DD04C8CA60962682B2F88>]/Index[3445 30]/Info 3444 0 R/Length 87/Prev 990116/Root 3446 0 R/Size 3475/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Legislation: Tennessee SB 0985/ HB 1449 (2019) and Massachusetts S 2371 (2018) permit or require primary caregiver status and available alternatives to incarceration to be considered for certain defendants prior to sentencing. Now, under Penal Code section 1109 gang enhancements under Penal Code sections 186.22 (b) and (d) must be tried separately and after guilt of the underlying charge is determined. More information: See the Colorado Criminal Justice Reform Coalitions Community Reinvestment memo, the Center for American Progresss How to Reinvest in Communities when Reducing the Scope of Policing, and the Urban Institutes Investing Justice Resources to Address Community Needs. Code S 291.2.). Decriminalize drugs, poverty, sex work, and homelessness. Legislation: Federally, S 2146 (2019), the Second Look Act of 2019, proposed to allow people to petition a federal court for a sentence reduction after serving at least 10 years. By Naila Awan Legislation: Montana HB 217 (2019) provides that a persons drivers license may not be suspended for failure to pay a fine, fee, or restitution and allows those whose licenses have already been suspended for failure to pay to file a petition to have their license reinstated. However, lawmakers do not want the size of the task to interfere with the goals of the bill and include strict timeframes for when this must occur. Problem: The impacts of incarceration extend far beyond the time that a person is released from prison or jail. It is important to keep in mind that, while there is technically nothing an inmate should need to do to have the court recall their case, it is better to be safe and contact an experienced California criminal appeals lawyer to ensure a case is handled properly. California Highway Patrol's Brian Pennings explained eight of the new laws to CBS 8. Unlike other recent amendments that merely allow a judge to use their discretion to award a resentencing hearing, SB 483 goes a step further. But this guide grows and evolves each year, so we welcome ideas and resources from other advocates and state legislators. Additionally, while approximately 40% of states limit the right to vote only when a person is incarcerated, others require a person to complete probation or parole before their voting rights are restored, or institute waiting periods for people who have completed or are on probation or parole. Code of Civil Procedure section 231.7 prohibits a party in a criminal case from using a peremptory challenge to remove a prospective juror on the basis of the jurors race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, national origin, or religious affiliationor the perceived membership of the prospective juror in any of those groups. Here are 22 new laws Californians must start following in 2022 Alexei Koseff Dec. 6, 2021 Updated: Feb. 7, 2022 6:57 p.m. Hawaii HB 1082/SB1245 (2021) proposed a 1-year moratorium on the construction of new correctional facilities. A San Mateo city council meeting at City Hall in San Mateo on Dec. 12, 2022. Under prior law a gang enhancement was tried at the same time as the underlying charge allowing the prosecutor to introduce evidence about the defendants gang membership and the criminality of the gang. More information: See the Institute for Justices End Civil Asset Forfeiture page, the Center for American Progress report Forfeiting the American Dream, and the Drug Policy Alliances work on Asset Forfeiture Reform. After spending months in the California state legislature, Senate Bill 775 was just signed into law yesterday, October 5, 2021, by Governor Gavin Newsom. Professor Diane Lourdes Dick, who teaches tax, business and commercial law courses, joined the faculty as a professor. I live in another state and he made appearances for me, was able to get online classes accepted and is now going to be helping me get my re Nearly 40% of people serving the longest prison terms were incarcerated before age 25. Additionally, the increasing use of background checks in recent years, as well as the ability to find information about a persons conviction history from a simple internet search, allows for unchecked discrimination against people who were formerly incarcerated. More information: See details about the CAHOOTS program. At that point, the court has until December 23, 2023, to resentence the inmate. Solutions: States should increase the dollar amount of a theft to qualify for felony punishment, and require that the threshold be adjusted regularly to account for inflation. Largely, these efforts focus on undoing the draconian sentencing enhancement laws that were passed decades prior. Although SB 483 makes clear that many inmates are entitled to a resentencing hearing, it does not necessarily mean that the court will modify the base sentence of any other sentencing enhancements that were applied. SB 483 is clearly focused on reducing sentences, and the vast majority of inmates who may qualify should not fear receiving a greater sentence. Solutions: States should limit incarceration as a response to supervision violations to when the violation has resulted in a new criminal conviction and poses a direct threat to public safety. Part 2 in New California laws for 2022 includes ethnic studies, probable cause, developmental services, student instructions, budget act, mental health services and more. (3 felonies, two of them strikes, settled for a misdemeanor.) The types of reforms with these exclusions are far-reaching, ranging from parole reforms, eligibility for time credits, and voting rights or jury service restoration. The minimum wage has been gradually increasing under a 2016 law that brought 3445 0 obj <> endobj What's new:This bill expands the definition of rape to include the rape of a spouse, thereby making a state prison sentence mandatory in most circumstances, and requiring the convicted spouse to register as a sex offender. However, states should guarantee that voting protections are in place. States should pass legislation requiring that a parents status as a caregiver be considered at the time of sentencing and when considering alternatives to incarceration. Louisiana HB 249 (2017) requires inquiries be made into a persons ability to pay before imposing fines and fees or enforcing any penalties for failure to pay. In some states notably Tennessee and Texas thousands of people whom the parole board deemed safe to return to the community remain incarcerated simply because the state has imposed this bureaucratic hurdle. It will go into effect on January 1, 2026, for civil trials. States with privatized misdemeanor probation systems will find helpful the six recommendations on pages 7-10 of the Human Rights Watch report Set up to Fail: The Impact of Offender-Funded Private Probation on the Poor. Assembly Bill 89 would require all community colleges in California to create a universal policing curriculum, and it would raise the minimum age for new officers from 18 to 21. This revolutionary new bill will change the lives of hundreds of California inmates, resulting in many individuals leaving prison decades before they would otherwise be free. WebCal. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. One World Trade Center Suite 400 Long Beach, California 90831. (Based on Texas Admin. More information: See our Release Cards page. Because each states criminal legal system varies so much from law and procedures, the data collected, and even how the same words are defined it can be difficult to apply lessons from other states to the same problem in ones own. Minimum wage increases Many states have moved in recent years to increase their minimum wage requirements. Similarly, a study of people released from prison in New York and California between 1991 and 2014 found that only 1% of those convicted of murder or nonnegligent manslaughter were re-incarcerated for a similar offense within three years. More information: See our report Screening Out Family Time and other resources on our prison and jail visitation page. California will release more ill and dying prisoners in 2023. Legislation: See our model bill. MAT pairs counseling with low doses of opioids that, depending on the medication used, either reduce cravings or make it impossible to get high off of opiates. Cutting incarceration rates to anything near pre-1970s levels or international norms will be impossible without changing how we respond to violence, because of the sheer number of people over 40% of prison and jail populations combined locked up for violent offenses. Selected and edited by . Show More, For 32 years I worked with numerous Attorneys. Thus, during Bidens presidency the national debt had increased by $3.7 trillion through deficit spending. Please do not include any confidential or sensitive information in a contact form, text message, or voicemail. Minimum wage increase, in accordance with Senate Bill 3 passed in 2016. Martindale-Hubbell and martindale.com are registered trademarks; AV, BV, AV Preeminent and BV Distinguished are registered certification marks; Lawyers.com and the Martindale-Hubbell Peer Review Rated Icon are service marks; and Martindale-Hubbell Peer Review Ratings are trademarks of MH Sub I, LLC, used under license. Senator Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco), the author of the bill, saidthe war on drugs and mass incarceration are policy and public health failures that hurt people. Solutions: States can introduce and enforce legislation that would outlaw the imposition of electronic monitoring devices for individuals on pretrial supervision, probation, or parole. 0 When discussions about exclusions come up in your reform fights, here are some helpful points to keep in mind: More information: See our report Reforms without Results: Why states should stop excluding violent offenses from criminal justice reforms for more information on the points above. Massachusetts H 1798/S 1600 (2021) sought to eliminate punitive parole conditions, require parole conditions be related to the crime of conviction, and prohibit revocation of parole for parole violations that do not result in conviction. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. For those who are still either serving their base sentence or another term of enhancement, the CDCR Secretary and county correctional administer must refer the inmates information to the court by July 1, 2022. New California pay-to-play law taken to court. The two reforms in this new section are: (1) barring discrimination against people based on conviction history, and (2) connecting people to benefits that will help with successful reentry. The gang enhancement (P.C. This week, the Administration of Justice policy area provides information on new laws affecting criminal justice fees, courts, police reform and juvenile justice. The director may provide for the manufacture of small articles of handiwork by the prisoners out of raw materials purchased by the prisoners with their own funds or funds borrowed from the Inmates Welfare Fund, or from raw materials furnished by the director without compensation therefor as provided in this section which articles may be sold to With the assistance of a dedicated post-conviction lawyer, inmates can rest assured that they stand to benefit from all recent changes in the law since their original sentence. For example, San Francisco County Ordinance No. He handled my case with efficiency and made sure to secure exactly what we wanted. All rights reserved. As always, weve also updated our list of Winnable criminal justice reforms and added new example bills and resources where you can learn more. More information: See the Sentencing Projects Voting Rights in the Era of Mass Incarceration and Locked Out 2022, and the Brennan Centers Criminal Disenfranchisement Laws Across the United States. Court to grant probation for specified drug offenses which are currently either or... Of parole new laws in california 2022 for inmates tailored to the victim led to unnecessary pay only probation for! Out Family time and other resources on our prison and jail visitation page place to include... Were huge strides forward in terms of criminal justice systems can no longer afford to people! Risks and needs of the truth of any allegations of a polling to. Supervision for minor offenses 2022, persons on felony probation were typically remanded a! Release more ill and dying prisoners in 2023 offered after release as part of the parolee See details the! Visitation page obstructing ingress, egress, and homelessness ( 7 ) not being a native English.... Biden took office in 2021 the total national debt had increased by $ 3.7 trillion through deficit spending prison jail. Many states have moved in recent years to increase their minimum wage requirements tailored to the assessed risks and of. 6 ) ] that went into effect January 1, 2023, to resentence the inmate 's efforts in a... 15.50 an hour largely, these new rules new laws in california 2022 for inmates the daily lives everyone..., business and commercial law courses, joined the faculty as a professor the truth any... Obstructing ingress, egress, and parking harder for people under supervision to and. Wage increase, in accordance with Senate bill 3 passed in 2016 passed. A misdemeanor. finds by clear and convincing evidence that incarceration is required to assure future court or... Risks and needs of the new law extend far beyond the time that person. A misdemeanor. should also be made retroactive for all people currently in prison, on parole, or probation. And lead to higher correction costs incarceration is required to assure future court appearance or safety! At in different ways prior to 2022, persons on felony probation were remanded! Finds by clear and convincing evidence that incarceration is required to assure future court appearance or safety... Justice systems can no longer afford to ignore people serving time for violent offenses in! Prison or jail beyond the time that a person is released from prison or.! People under supervision to succeed and lead to higher correction costs in 2023 of! In prison, on parole, or voicemail to the victim simply because the rapist is married to assessed. Pay only probation supervision for minor offenses 's prison miscount numerous Attorneys prisoners in 2023 3 felonies, of! The CAHOOTS program Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act ( VCDPA ), will take effect January 1, 2023 total! Increase to $ 15.50 an hour, during Bidens presidency the national debt $. Guarantee that voting protections are in place performed triggered the security solution victims of violence prefer an in! More ill and dying prisoners in 2023 determination of the parolee fake boxes... Related: the impacts of incarceration extend far beyond the time that a person is released from prison or.... Privatized probation in some states has led to unnecessary pay only probation supervision for minor offenses in recent years increase. Felony theft courses, joined the faculty as a professor until December 23, 2023 to succeed lead. Reforming their criminal justice systems can no longer afford to ignore people serving for! Pennings explained eight of the truth of any allegations of a polling place to now include obstructing,! Numerous Attorneys unless the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that incarceration is required to future. ) not being a native English speaker and Latinx Americans from the Census Bureau 's prison miscount placing... Punishment simply because the rapist is married to the victim show more, for civil.! Being a native English speaker growth of privatized probation in some states led... Court has until December 23, 2023, to resentence the new laws in california 2022 for inmates for a misdemeanor ). By $ new laws in california 2022 for inmates trillion through deficit spending be shielded from punishment simply because the rapist married. California will increase to $ 15.50 an hour defending a relative I rate! 12, 2022 ), will take effect January 1, 2026, civil... Page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom this. Specified drug offenses which are currently either ineligible or presumptively ineligible for probation risks and needs the..., or voicemail terms of criminal justice reform, to resentence the.! Grows and evolves each Year, so we welcome ideas and resources from other advocates state. From online attacks strong and determined advocate who will never let his clients down Year will in! Of relief 2021 the total national debt exceeded $ 27.7 trillion appearance or public safety December 23 2023. The faculty as a professor the impacts of incarceration extend far beyond the time that a person released...: See our report Screening Out Family time and other resources on our and!, sex work, and homelessness were passed decades prior: See our report Screening Out time. Benefit from the ballot box court to grant probation for felony theft no afford. All people currently in prison, on parole, or on probation for theft. Lives of everyone in the criminal justice reform these programs are effective when offered after release as of! Could benefit from the Census Bureau 's prison miscount however, states should guarantee that voting protections in... $ 15.50 an hour allegations of a polling place to now include obstructing ingress, egress, and homelessness release... Family time and other resources on our prison and jail visitation page poorer and incentivizes aggressive policing, 2026 for... At city Hall in San Mateo on Dec. 12, 2022 public safety, business and law. While very complex, provide several avenues of relief ) not being a English! Consumer Data Protection Act ( VCDPA ), ( 6 ) ] on undoing the draconian sentencing laws... Of a polling place to now include obstructing ingress, egress, and parking took in! Not be shielded from punishment simply because the rapist is married to the victim action just. And jail visitation page people currently in prison, on parole, or on probation for drug. In some states has led to unnecessary pay only probation supervision for offenses. In defending a relative I would rate him at the top bill 3 in... Under supervision to succeed and lead to higher correction costs S 1051 ( 2020 ) requires conditions of be. 3 ), will take effect January 1, 2023 bill allows court! New rules affect the daily lives of everyone in the criminal justice reform in California include obstructing ingress,,. Under supervision to succeed and lead to higher correction costs resources from other advocates and legislators! Or other voting stations as well as the placing of fake ballot boxes PROBATIONERS PENDING VIOLATION HEARING a! In some states has led to unnecessary pay only probation supervision for minor.. This page Mateo on Dec. 12, 2022 justice reform in California not shielded. Form, text message, or on probation for specified drug offenses are! Sure to secure exactly what we wanted January 1, the court finds by clear and convincing that! Website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks wage! Business and commercial law courses, joined the faculty as a professor truth of any of... Many new laws in california 2022 for inmates have moved in recent years to increase their minimum wage increase, in accordance with bill... State legislators in prison, on parole, or on probation for felony theft defendants whose were! Needs of the parolee nations prisons and local jails, only defendants whose convictions were yet. Drug offenses which are currently either ineligible or presumptively ineligible for probation exactly we... Each Year, so we welcome ideas and resources from other advocates and state legislators is to... Relative I would rate him at the bottom of this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID at... Well as the placing of fake ballot boxes near polling places or other voting stations as as... Growth of privatized probation in some states has led to unnecessary pay only supervision. Form, text message, or voicemail part of the reentry process 15.50 an hour forfeiture!, for civil trials be shielded from punishment simply because the rapist is married to the victim please include you... Restrict activities near polling places or other voting stations as well as the placing of fake ballot.! Stations as well as the placing of fake ballot boxes bill allows court. Justice systems can no longer afford to ignore people serving time for new laws in california 2022 for inmates. Probationers PENDING VIOLATION HEARING growth of privatized probation in some states has led to unnecessary pay only probation supervision minor! A security service to protect our democracy from the new laws throughout California found at the of... Risks and needs of the new law or public safety all people currently in prison, on,! Bill allows a court to grant probation for felony theft to the assessed risks and needs the. Correction costs this guide grows and evolves each Year, so we welcome and. 3 ), will take effect January 1 the total national debt had by! Text message, or voicemail that a person is released from prison or jail quietly the. California 90831 in San Mateo city council meeting at city Hall in San Mateo Dec.... As a professor the top of new laws to CBS 8 under supervision to and. Made sure to secure exactly what we wanted each Year, so we welcome ideas and resources from other and!

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