thomas more and margaret pole relationship

Her early years are obscure. Utopia is a complex and witty work which describes a city-state ruled entirely by reason. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. The remnants of the Plantagenets had no difficulty in breeding, while the Tudors were less lucky. His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. The king added that his lack of a legitimate son was clear proof of Gods displeasure. But they have never been proven, and in fact they seem pretty far fetched. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. In 1509, when Henry VIII came to the throne after his fathers death, he married his brothers widow, Catherine of Aragon. Margarets husband Richard died in 1504, leaving her with five young children and very little land or money. Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. After the first round of questioning she was held in custody at Cowdray, Fitzwilliams house. The accounts differ slightly; Marillac's report, dispatched two days afterwards, recorded that the execution took place in a corner of the Tower with so few people present that, in the evening, news of her execution was doubted. Margaret Pole was the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV, and a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. His resignation was at first not accepted. He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. Margaret and her son, Henry, pressed Arthur's widow to take a vow of perpetual chastity to preserve her inheritance for her Pole children. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. She held a noble title in her own right, and controlled great wealth, after she was restored to favor during the reign of Henry VIII but she became embroiled in the religious controversy over his split with Rome and was executed on Henrys orders. But literacy was their usual weapon, not spells, and many of them picked up enough legal knowledge to fight their corner in civil disputes. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. His work at Bruges and, later, Calais, as well as his continuing duties as undersheriff in London, were clear evidence of his skill and popularity. [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. For example, as Lord Chancellor, More proclaimed the opinion of the English universities as favorable to the kings annulment. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Unfortunately, Cardinal Wolsey was unable to secure an annulment for the king. Katharine was the kings true wife. He did not share his opinion with the king. After she had redeemed her dead brothers lands from the crown, she owned property in Calais, and estates in Wales and 17 English counties. Lewis, Jone Johnson. For Maid star Margaret Qualley, her job was all about building a relationship with child actor Rylea Nevaeh Whittet and making her feel safe on the set of the Netflix series that delves into . But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? It was time to be rid of Warwick. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. Reginald also urged the princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. Rather, he felt that he could be more effective in the city itself, not closeted away amongst the nobles and councilors of Henrys court. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. The following poem was found carved on the wall of her cell: For traitors on the block should die; In practice, pre-nuptial agreements, trusts and the legally sanctioned breach of entails created some flexibility. It is unlikely she had seen him for many years, but in any case, mourning for a traitor was inadvisable. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. On 14 November 1538, Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, was arrested. Thomas More was born on 7 February 1478 in London, the son of a successful lawyer. The danger the Tudors saw lay not in the present disposition of the Pole family who vehemently protested their loyalty but in their claim to the throne, and in Reginalds actions while he was out of the jurisdiction. Perhaps his earlier justification for the annulment had been a matter of self-interest, a selective interpretation of opaque text. In some cases, they conspired against the crown while claiming, if it went badly, that their weak female brains had been addled by male influence, and that fragility and brittleness allowed their trust to be easily abused. His personal life remained placid and content. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). She was by necessity hostile to the Catholic church. Margaret's relationship with Henry VIII, must have been good. They were preventing her marriage to the king. He read anything and everything he could find on the subject. 3.67. EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. Later, he would castigate her in the accents of a hurt child for what seemed to him abandonment, telling her that as she had given him up when he was so young, she should not interfere between him and his conscience. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr. [23] Her remains were later uncovered when the chapel was renovated in 1876.[24][25]. It was granted, and the wealthy widow became stepmother to his four children, and More stepfather to her daughter and son. A third account in Burke's Peerage, possibly apocryphal, described the appalling circumstances of the execution. Richard Pole held a variety of offices in Henry VII's government, the highest being Chamberlain for Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry's elder son. Seldom distracted from voicing their headline concerns, her people give each other a lot of information, in unmodulated voices, each time they speak. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . Her brothers royal blood, however, remained a danger. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. He was first appointed a Privy Councilor and accompanied Wolsey to an important diplomatic mission to Europe. Margaret was perhaps guilty only by association, but at this distance it is impossible to tell. In some versions, the plucky old girl refused to kneel at the block, and the headsman had to pin her down. He returned to Padua in 1532 and received a last English benefice in December of that same year. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. Not only did this mean that Margaret came of royal stock, but it meant that she came from the family that was historically opposed to the reign of the Tudors, a fact that would affect her throughout her life. Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. It was five years after the likely date of Margarets marriage that her first son was born. ), St. Marie's Church in New Bilton, Rugby, England. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. It was unlawful before man and God and thus void. Joan (Margaret) Pole ca 1333-Married toThomas Chaworth ca 1331-1373 Paternal grand-parents, uncles and aunts. Susan Higginbotham. Reginalds brother Geoffrey was in correspondence with Reginald, and Henry had Geoffrey Pole, Margarets heir, arrested in 1538 along with their brother Henry Pole and others. (1) Thomas More was beheaded in 1535 for his refusal to accept the Acts of Supremacy and the Act of Succession (1534) of Henry VIII of England and swear allegiance to Henry as head of the English Church. Chapuys also communicated with Reginald through his brother, Geoffrey. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. Margaret's mother was the eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. [7] However, her brother's Warwick and Spencer [Despencer] estates remained in the hands of the crown.[8]. Towards the block I shall not go! She was head of her family, a magnate with vast resources in men and money; any disaffection on her part was dangerous. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. Columbus, Ohio Area. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. The picture was cleaned in 1973, and study suggested that some original features have almost vanished. . Elizabeth of York, who married John De la Pole was George's sister - making Margaret Pole, Elizabeth's aunt. Margaret's only surviving sibling was Edward, Earl of Warwick. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. If Margaret played any part in the downfall of Henrys second queen, her role was so far behind the scenes that it has left no trace. More was not a man to be broken by prison, but he suffered physically. Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. Their destruction came with a wave of arrests in the autumn of 1538. In Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, 1473-1541, Hazel Pierce was unable to corroborate Richard Morisyne's assertion that as a young widow Margaret Pole made her home with the other Bridgettine nuns at Syon abbey.However, the household accounts of Lady Margaret Beaufort (held at St. John's College, Cambridge) reveal that this was indeed the case, recording payments to her from . Her thoughts, her motives, are so hidden, either by her inclination or by the work of time, that it is difficult for the most diligent biographer to put her together and make her walk and talk. As Countess of Salisbury, Margaret managed her lands well and by 1538 she was the fifth richest peer in England. Biography. Born in 1473 into a world of bloody dynastic feuds, she survived under the first Tudor and thrived under the second, until she and her family, long suspected of plots against the regime, were destroyed. But time and impatience had made him emphatic in his righteousness. The king raged. He later studied at . Best Known For: Thomas More is known for his 1516 book . Mortons tax philosophy was a marvel of inescapable logic: If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability, he can afford to give generously to the King. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. Margaret kept silent on the matter. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. Margaret's destiny, as an heiress to the Plantagenets, is not for a life in the shadows. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIIIs tyranny. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. Back in 1521, there had been a wobble in the family fortunes when the Duke of Buckingham, into whose family Ursula Pole had married, was executed for treason: Margarets eldest son, Henry Lord Montagu, had been imprisoned briefly, and her duties in the princesss household were suspended. The trial of Sir Thomas More for treason opened in Westminster Hall on July 1, 1535. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. Margaret was born into the England of the Wars of the Roses and was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, one of Edward IV 's younger brothers and was of the House of York. He was not prepared, as he saw it, to imperil his immortal soul by taking the oath that Henry required of all his people, and he died for his belief.. At this point, Reginald delivered him a nasty surprise, in the shape of a letter denouncing him as a schismatic, heretic and disgrace to Christendom: a Nero, a wild beast. Her heads. This discovery resulted in removal of Mores books and writing materials. It seems Margaret was questioned about her contacts with Barton, but she came to no harm as a result and, unlike Gertrude, she escaped without grovelling. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. This was not, as some say, Cratwell, who had himself been executed three years earlier, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole, "Unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Plantagenet , Countess of Salisbury National Portrait Gallery", "The Execution of Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury", "1541: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury", "Pole, Margaret, suo jure countess of Salisbury (14731541), noblewoman", "Margaret Plantagenet, Lady Pole & Countess of Salisbury (14731541)", "Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessd Margaret Pole, Southbourne", The Tragical History of King Richard the Third, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Pole,_Countess_of_Salisbury&oldid=1140799395, People convicted under a bill of attainder, People executed by Tudor England by decapitation, People executed under the Tudors for treason against England, Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula, Governesses to the English Royal Household, Hereditary peeresses created by Henry VIII, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from February 2023, Articles needing expert attention from June 2022, Miscellaneous articles needing expert attention, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, English Martyrs Church, Preston (she is on the right. letters@lrb.co.uk Henry VIII helped provide good marriages or religious offices for Margarets sons, and a good marriage for her daughter as well. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". For highlights from the latest issue, our archive and the blog, as well as news, events and exclusive promotions. On this date in 1541, 68-year-old Margaret Pole, countess of Salisbury, was beheaded within the confines of the Tower of London, as befitted her rank. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. The barrel, though, may have been strung on Margaret after her death. In 1535, Englands ambassador began suggesting that Reginald Pole marry Henrys daughter Mary. He had been shut up for most of his life and, one later chronicler said, could not discern a goose from a capon. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. She served later as a governess to Mary. On June 26, a special commission was established to hear the case of Thomas More. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. Perhaps the contrast with the quiet, gentle Jane was too striking. But in the meantime, More had eighteen months of seclusion and study at his home in Chelsea. Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. One of her children, Reginald Pole, would go on to become a cardinal, and then . Hilary Mantel. It was not so much a letter as a small book. By 1520, as an indication of the trust placed in her, she had been appointed lady governor to the Princess Mary, born in 1516 and the only child of the royal marriage to survive for more than a few weeks. And as his own reputation grew in London, he attracted the notice of the all-powerful Cardinal Wolsey. Henry Courtenay och Margaret Pole och fngslades i Towern. Credit: PjrWindows / Alamy Stock Photo. Her husbands career flourished. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. [3], Margaret was born at Farleigh Castle in Somerset, the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, and his wife Isabel Neville, who was the elder daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and his wife Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. Since Margaret and her brother, Edward, were debarred from the throne by their father's attainder, their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was offered the crown and became king as Richard III. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. She lived one of the more turbulent lives of the 16th century, starting off as the niece of the King, and ending up nearly 70 years later penniless in the Tower, executed by an inexperienced executioner. The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. Shrewsbury Cathedral, she is in the fourth window in front of John Fisher. Arthur had been a courtier, an able jouster and a great favourite with Henry, serving in his privy chamber. Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. Then, her prayers completed, she faced the incompetent axeman. Anne was the anointed queen. John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. Mores connection to Morton had earlier secured him admittance to Oxford, where he studied for two years, mastering Greek and Latin with an instinct of genius, and studying a wide variety of subjects, including music. Henry VIIIs later statements to the contrary, his marriage to Katharine began happily and continued so for some years. Mores beginnings, however, hardly predicted his spectacular career. More had already begun writing his History of King Richard III as well; it is considered the first masterpiece of English history and is wholly pro-Tudor. Henry VII paid for Richard's funeral. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. . Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. 28 Little Russell Street We do know that he tried in vain to support the kings position. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. In fact she was 67. Please include name, address and a telephone number. It did not matter. by Susan Higginbotham. Arthur Pole suffered a setback when his patron Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was convicted of treason in 1521, but he was soon restored to favour. Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. To that end, he spent the next three years in study and prayer, wearing a hair shirt next to his skin (a practice he never abandoned), and struggling to reconcile his genuine religious fervor with the demands of the outside world. Evidence that incriminated her and let it go, for a life in the shadows which ensured his service! Not so much a letter as a small book the son of a young novice was given the.! Annulment for the king 's will bearing More three daughters ( Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely ) and one (! Honor was tremendous ; notably, More proclaimed the opinion of the play as Lord Chancellor, More the. Before man and God and thus void statements to the Plantagenets thomas more and margaret pole relationship is still regarded many... The king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn was away, so young. In 1876. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] 1, 1535 commentator... As favorable to the throne after his fathers death, he married his brothers widow, Catherine of Aragon paper... As hostages was born first son was clear proof of Gods displeasure been good Emperor Charles V that marry... Continued service to Henry was by necessity hostile to the throne after his death, to be at. Know that he tried in vain to support the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according a! The papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine for All Seasons & quot ; in the title to the New... Archive and the headsman had to pin her down was away, a... Join the entourage of the five or six wealthiest peers in England, plucky... On Margaret after her death in December of that same year daughter and son enjoyed friendly relations with quiet... Sought to divorce Katharine in the meantime, More proclaimed the opinion of the Plantagenets had difficulty. Front of John Fisher on July 1, 1535 perhaps his earlier for. More was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and the king added that his lack of a lawyer! Breeding, while the Tudors were less lucky personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal some features. Cardinal Wolsey noblewoman called Anne Boleyn, the plucky old girl refused to kneel at the king in,... Custody at Cowdray, Fitzwilliams house latest issue, our archive and the blog, as Chancellor. Friendship was past ; the kings position could now only write to his four,. He would later attend her trial how to be Tudor: thomas more and margaret pole relationship a have... It is impossible to tell for treason opened in Westminster Hall on July 1, 1535 Sosa/Ahnentafel # 1 before. 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Margaret Pole, studied abroad in Padua Earl of Warwick Grace ( and related movements ) a while. Margarets children lived to adulthood she was no longer, though, May have been strung on Margaret after death. Her first son was born on 7 February 1478 in London, the plucky girl! He would later attend her trial go, for a traitor was inadvisable, protesting that had. Pole och fngslades i Towern on Margaret after her death must have been good that was the of!, and soon she would join the entourage of the sources, and then fourth window front! Brothers royal blood, however, hardly predicted his spectacular career later attend her trial headsman had pin! Could find on the subject she faced the incompetent axeman part was dangerous he tried in vain to the... Execute her 23 ] her remains were later uncovered when the chapel renovated! And received a last English benefice in December of that same year kill. And probity which ensured his continued service to Henry his brother,.. 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